主题框架分析法是一种建立在表格基础上的分析方法,主要包括资料整理及分析两个步骤,其中资料整理过程又包括确定分析主题、资料标记、资料归类以及资料的总结或综合等内容。由于主题框架分析过程具有严密性和透明性的特点,目前被认为是兼顾科学性和可操作性的较好的定性资料分析方法。该文结合实例对该方法进行了介绍。

This paper analyzed not only the forming and characteristic of new medical service system but the function and relationship among the subsystem at different levels and systemically analyzed the economic characteristic of health resources allocation and its main influencing factors. It also put forward the objectives and principles of constructing new medical service system, the theory and methods of health resources allocation. Thus the reference basis could be provided which is helpful of scientifically constructing and making development plan of new regional medical organization.

With establishing new urban medical care system at two level which has suitable on size and composition, optimized structure, higher efficient operational medical center and community health service center.The multiple recombination of medical institution emerged.This paper aimed at summarizing on several forms and effect of the united recombination occurred in Shanghai health systems reform.Some principles which should be followed during the development of constituting medical care system were discussed and the suggestions on modified adequate policy.

From the characteristics of medical insurance, its high risk and main risk factors were discussed and analyzed in this paper. After major risks that Shanghai social medical insurance is presently confronted with were explored,risk defense system was put forward.

Government has a responsibility to take leadership to overcome obstacles, such as insufficient input, arbitrary approach, vested interests, relevant policy hindrance, barriers between different sectors, irrational industry structure to the industrialization of medical and healthcare sector, to promote the management system reform of medical institutions, to increase the efficiency of medical services for the people's maximized utmost interest.

回顾上海市预防接种网络预约接种服务（以下简称“网约服务”）的发展历程，成绩斐然，网约服务方便接种门诊规划工作，方便受种者，特定疫苗预约功能方便紧缺疫苗管理和接种、助力完成新型冠状病毒疫苗接种。针对已建成的上海市预防接种网约服务系统的局限性提出改进建议方案，旨在未来进一步优化上海市预防接种网约服务，提高疫苗接种可及性及用户服务满意度。

目的 预测我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）医院卫生资源的短期配置情况。方法 用一般线性回归模型拟合2010—2018年各省（自治区、直辖市）的床位数、医师数、护士数和常住人口数，用均数法估计床位使用率，用比例法预测2019—2021年综合重症监护室（intensive care unit，ICU）的床位数、医师数、护士数、呼吸机数和体外膜氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenator，ECMO）数。结果 2021年，我国每千常住人口床位数为5.42张，每千常住人口医师数为1.64人，每千常住人口护士数为2.54人。区域床位配置差异较大，东北、西北及中部地区的床位数高于南部地区，医师、护士分布较为均匀。每10万常住人口综合ICU床位数为4.37张，地区综合ICU床位配置数量与地区人口密度成正比，综合ICU的医护数、呼吸机数和ECMO数明显不足。结论 我国医院卫生人力资源较为缺乏。综合ICU的资源缺口较大，应加强综合ICU的资源配置，并将综合ICU作为新型冠状病毒疫情防控及未来其他新发、突发传染病防控的重点对象。

本文概述“新医科”背景下医学影像学学科特色和教学挑战,以复旦大学附属肿瘤医院为例,通过夯实师资队伍建设、深耕临床科研实践、优化教育教学体系等举措,培育“新医科+”课程思政、打造“多学科+”导学团队、提高“全影像+”人才培养,并结合国家政策文件要求和新医科发展趋势,展望未来医学影像教育教学发展提出策略建议,以期为我国医学影像人才培养提供一定的借鉴参考。

Recently the application of qualitative methodology in public health field is becoming popular. There is essential difference between qualitative representative" and reach a complete construction through research on several purposively selected samples.

目的 了解我国省级普惠式健康险（普惠险）发展现状，厘清基本医疗保险、普惠险和百万医疗险的区别，分析普惠险当前存在的问题并对其未来发展提出可行性建议。方法 在31个省（自治区、直辖市）人民政府网、医疗保障局、卫生健康委员会、民政厅、人力资源和社会保障厅等政府官网以“普惠险”“惠民保”“补充医疗保险”为关键词检索相关政策文件和信息，同时配合各地的“本地保微信公众号”及各普惠险投保平台，搜集省级普惠险的参保信息以及具体的保障内容，时间截至2021年10月15日。结果 截至2021年10月15日，31个省级行政区中有19个地区共推出26款省级普惠险，保障责任集中于医疗保险目录内住院费用和特殊药品费用。普惠险的区域性、普惠性品以及特殊药品的保障是其与百万医疗险的主要区别。当前普惠险发展的问题体现在“两高一低一同”，即免赔额高而赔付限额虚高、可持续性低以及产品同质化严重。结论 建议医疗保障部门对普惠险进行背书和指导，合理设置省级普惠险的赔付标准和保障内容，提高普惠险产品的可持续性和抗风险能力；商业保险公司应加速迭代产品，适应市场需求，脱离同质化。

众所周知,新出台的医改方案引起了全社会的广泛关注和热议。这次采访是希望都教授能作为一名政策研究者,谈谈对新医改方案的总体看法。

That paper analysis the health care system of America, Canada and Australian.Compare to the contained service, finance income,transmit system to the U.K, France, Germany and New Ireland. Then we get the health care system reformatory advice in China.

经济合作和发展组织(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,OECD)的成员国包括了主要的工业化国家。经济合作和发展组织每年都会公布其成员国卫生保健体系的统计数据,这是研究国际卫生服务的很好材料。《OECD卫生统计数据1999:29个国家的比较分析》已在巴黎出版,其中提供了1998年23个国家的卫生统计信息(缺匈牙利、韩国、墨西哥、波兰、葡萄牙和土耳其6国的资料)。本文扼要地介绍OECD国家卫生费用和卫生服务的最新信息和变化趋势。

This paper reviews the health economic reforms in the las 15 years in Shanghai and summarizes its achievements. It points out that social and economic benefits are rising gradually, and health care service is entering the phase of harmonious develop-ment with the social economy by reforms of health care pricing and policy of "Global budgt and structure adustment". Secondly, the paper analyzes the main problems existing in health economics. These problems mclude chiefly the following three points. They are:1) coexistence of insufficien health input and wastage; surplus global health resources and uneven struture; 2) lack of awareness on concept of charge and cost in traditional pratice behavior; 3) the aftereffect of hospital-department profit-accounting system, distribu-tion of bonus for overwork and incomes from profit on drugs. Finally, some suggestions to deepen reform are put forward to solve the above problems. 1) To implemen policy of "raising effciency by depletion of staff numder and re-assigment of those off from post" in health facilities combined with regional health planing. 2) To set up clinical guldelines, stanard charges An expenditures for essen-tial health care of diseases. 3)To cancel bonus for overwork, and to perfect the hospital-department profit-accounting system. 4)To implenlent poicy of separae management of medical services and drugs, and to perfect the reimbursement mechanism.

This paper summarized the development models of private hospitals in Shanghai.This models were evaluated through SWOT method.The existing issues were identified based on focus group discussion and case study.Then the determinant factors were discussed.

"二战"结束前,英国的一些政客就已开始考虑如何建立战后新秩序的问题。作为设想之一,1944年他们提出了建立国家卫生服务制度的口号和建议,核心思想是:(1)应对每个人提供广泛的医疗服务;(2)卫生服务经费应该全部或大部分从国家税收中支出;(3)卫生服务体系应由初级服务、社区服务和专科服务三个部分组成。

Concern with human and financial consequences of disease has increased over the past three decaeds as the aging of population has led to a greater prevalence of disability in developed countries and spiraling health care costs have made it difficult to meet the increasing needs for services Traditional analyses based on mortality and morbidity are in adequate to assess the situation in which people who are not ill are limited in their abilities to function in a manner considered to be normal. Thus this article discusses DALY in detail, which is a new indicator to measure the burden of disease.

Objective:The quality of life in chemotherapeutical patients with lung cancer was measured by the FACT-L Chinese version 4.0 in order to evaluate its reliability, validity and responsiveness as well as the influence of chemotherapy for those patients.Methods: QOL data was measured three times from 28 in-patients with lung cancer by using the FACT-L Chinese version 4.0.The factor analysts combined with the cluster analysis were used to evaluate the structural validity of the Scale.Results & Conclusions:The instrument had better reliability, validity and responsiveness and could be used to measure QOL for Chinese patients with lung cancer.The results showed significant difference in quality of life during the chemotherapy.

The methods of focus group discussion,literatures review and case study were employed to explore the crucial problem and its causes concerning the nursing resources allocation in China.The study results showed that the crucial problem concerning nursing resources managements is the deficiency of nurses in the nursing post,which resulted from four factors:1.To some extent,the human resources allocation of nursing was ignored by the hospital managers;2.The standards to determine nursing workload has been greatly changed since 1980's;3.There was a great variation in direct nursing time between different medical departments;4.The indirect nursing time has been greatly increased as patients demand.Suggestions:In order to solve the problem of nurse deficiency,it should be highlighted that we should scientifically calculate current nursing workload.It was crucial to make clear the contents of direct nursing and indirect nursing service, take the department difference into account,rationalize nursing grading,and set nursing post by need.To take non-technique works and low-level technical works away from the nursing working content should be considered as a good way to increase the effective supply of nursing manpower.

随着大数据、云计算、人工智能及语义网等信息技术的日趋成熟,基于数据驱动的信息挖掘及信息资源整合成为各领域信息化探索的方向,也推动档案领域管理方法的创新。面对内容庞杂的医院医疗专家档案信息资源,研究运用人工智能及语义分析等技术,进行信息挖掘,通过本体建模、知识抽取、知识融合等,构建以医院医疗专家档案为中心的知识图谱,不仅能进一步实现医疗专家档案的信息化管理,也可为顺应信息化时代智慧医院的发展趋势,推进医疗领域人才建设、医疗事业高质量发展服务。

德国政府对DRG制度最早的研究始于1984年,当时联邦政府委托Emst和Whinney教授以及一个合作医院共同学习美国的DRG制度。Emst和Whinney教授经研究后,认为DRG制度在医院的接受程度较低,而且将医疗过程与成本、费用等经济因素过分地结合,因此认为德国在近年内不宜实施。

Pharmacoeconomic guidelines come as a response by some governments to solve problem of rising pharmaceutical expenditure and could be seen as an approach to contain costs and improve resource allocation under a restricted health resource. By a comparative study on background, similarities and differences among four countries' guidelines for pharmacoeconomic evaluation in Europe, we figure that the making of pharmacoeconomic evaluation guideline should meet the needs of country backround, health care system and policy targets. Guidelines need revising and developing.

上海市推进医疗机构疾控监督员制度试点工作,以系统集成理念探索试点制度创新,推动打造预防、治疗、管理一体化的医疗服务模式。选取浦东、长宁、嘉定作为试点区,开展多元路径实践,推出多项创新举措,探索疾控监督员驻点模式,形成了行之有效的经验做法,提高重大传染病疫情早发现、早报告、早处置能力,建立了可借鉴、可复制的工作样板。同时,也指出了当前面临能力建设、激励机制等问题和挑战,提出了未来高质量推进疾控监督员制度建设的工作举措。

Experience on payment of innovative health technology in the national health insurance system of South Korea was summarized,especially innovative drugs and innovative health technology under diagnosis related groups(DRGs) payment method. On this basis,some suggestions on perfecting the policy of pricing and payment for innovative health technology in China were put forward:introducing health technology assessment concept and methods,establishing multisectoral cooperation on decision-making conversion in health technology assessment,and adding drugs in use that were not cost-effective or not sufficiently evidence-based(orphan drugs and anti-cancer drugs for instance)to risk-sharing agreements to ensure patients' accessibility to drugs.

以色列基本情况以色列人口720万(2006年以色列中央统计局数据,包括约旦河西岸、加沙地带和东耶路撒冷犹太居民),其中犹太人为500多万,占人口的绝大多数,还有阿拉伯人、德鲁兹人及其他人。人口自然增长率1.7%,人口密度为294人/km²。其社会是由各种各样的宗教、文化及社会传统组成。

本文参考医学门类一级学科评估结果,选取北京大学、北京协和医学院、上海交通大学、四川大学、浙江大学和中山大学等顶尖医学院校,以复旦大学为切入点,比较分析研究我国顶尖医学院校近年来医学人才培养质量和学术影响力。

The shortage of nursing human resources allocation in hospital is serious,which affects the quality of nursing care as well as the stability of the nursing staff team.The paper described the current situation of the nursing human resources and analyzed the reasons that have caused.At last,it proposed strategies that can improved the situation of nursing human resources allocation in hospitals.

During recent years, there are many reports and debates regarding the unreasonable higher prices of hospital drugs compared with the prices in retail pharmacy. In order to find out whether it is the case and how much the difference is, this report drew comprehensive comparison between drug prices and categories in hospital outpatient pharmacies and in retail pharmacies in 4 provinces. Policy recommendations were proposed by the writer based on the comparison.

Objectives: To assess the economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai.Methods: Economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus includes direct medical cost, direct nonmedical cost and indirect cost.Results: Direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus per capita in Shanghai in 2003 was about 2349.56 yuan including 1413.88 yuan for outpatient services. Average hospitalization expenditure arrived 5641.57 yuan. Economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus was estimated 2.896 billion yuan in Shanghai in 2003.

该文统计了上海市首次鉴定的177例医疗事故,对引发医疗事故的诸多原因进行了分类,认为手术不当、漏诊误治、未查常规、告知不当等是引发医疗事故的主要原因,并从医疗技术、职业责任和医院管理等三个方面进行了探讨。

System reform of public hospital is an impotrant and difficult part of health service system reform. This article analyzes the system reform models of public hospital and its impact on the health service system. Furthermore, the corporation model was stressfully discussed.

This paper mainly analyzed the characters of moral hazard after matter occurrence, and relationships between moral hazard, medical service utilization and medical insurance price. The concept of welfare lost on moral hazard has been presented. The author thinks that the ways of overcoming moral hazard include of administrative medical treatment and the design of payment system.

Pharmaceutical economics mainly studies the supply and demand of pharmaceuticals, pircing, policies and interventions, which provides the theory basis and international experiences for pharmaceutical policy reform in developing countries.

This paper describes the distribution of obstetrician and pediatrician in rural eastern, central and western China and analyzes the existing equity problem and then puts forward three suggestions:(1) to constitute and implement the Regional Health Programming to allocate the health manpower resource appropriately, (2) to enhance the quality of obstetrician and pediatrician, (3) to accelerate health reform to ensure the vulnerable population to gain access to health services. This study provides reference for the policy making of health administration.

儿童青少年心理健康促进是健康中国建设的重要内容。随着我国经济社会快速发展,儿童青少年心理健康问题发生率逐渐上升,已成为关系国家和民族未来的重要公共卫生问题。本文梳理了长三角地区（江苏、浙江、上海）儿童青少年心理健康促进的现状,结合典型案例,分析问题,提出长三角地区儿童青少年心理健康促进的建议。

应用实际案例对医院成本分析方法及通过分析改进管理进行了阐述,旨在为医院进行成本分析并据此完善管理提供参考。

欧洲医院在经历了20世纪50、60年代的鼎盛时期后,由于经济的萧条,政府减少了对公立医院费用的投入。20世纪90年代初期,欧洲很多国家开始将私人资本引入卫生保健领域,先后形成了PFI和PPP等私人和政府的金融合作关系。私人资本从医院基础设施的投入逐渐转向部分医疗服务的提供,改善了就医环境,提高了医院的效率,其经验值得我国医改的借鉴。

Author explained the definition and connotation of equity and introduced the categorizations of equity in health care and their criteria.Based on the situation analysis on health care development, author indicated the social-economic reforms and development made the inequity in health and health care increasingly extruding in China and put forward the importance and necessity of research on equity in health care.