Objective To investigate the current status of self-media management among healthcare professionals in tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, identify existing challenges, and propose optimization strategies to support future standardized management efforts. Methods A questionnaire survey and expert interviews were conducted in 20 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai to assess current status of the self-media account operations among healthcare professionals. The findings were summarized to identify problems in self-media management. Results Among the 539 respondents from tertiary hospitals participated in the survey, 130 (24.1%) reported having registered and operated self-media accounts. The most commonly used platforms included WeChat (73.1%), Douyin (51.5%), and Xiaohongshu (36.2%). Ninety-eight accounts (75.4%) had 10,000 to 50,000 followers, and one account had over 3 million followers. Survey and interview data showed that posted content primarily consisted of health education, lifestyle advice, and personal clinical insights. The major challenges faced were lack of time and energy, inadequate regulatory guidelines from self-media platforms, and constraints from medical institutions. Although basic systems and guidelines had been established for account regulation, deficiencies remained in platform supervision, content control, privacy protection, and other areas. Health related self-media accounts were associated with four potential risks: ideological concerns, public opinion sensitivity, inadequate content professionalism, and reputational damage to institutions. Conclusions Although the proportion of healthcare professionals operating self-media accounts in tertiary hospitals in Shanghai is relatively low, notable risks persist in the areas of ideology, public perception, content credibility, and institutional image. It is recommended to enhance management standardization by providing regulatory guidance, integrating expert resources, innovating management models, and optimizing internal processes.

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for the synergistic capability of close-knit urban medical groups, with the aim of providing a reference for promoting their development in China. Method Based on the Rainbow Model, an evaluation index system was initially constructed using literature review, revised and improved through expert consultation, and the weights of each indicator were determined using the analytic hierarchy process. Result An evaluation index system for the synergistic capability of close-knit urban medical groups was constructed, comprising six first-level indicators, 18 second-level indicators, and 53 third-level indicators, including system synergy (0.254), organizational synergy (0.216), professional synergy (0.180), service synergy (0.146), functional synergy (0.118) and normative synergy (0.086). Conclusion This evaluation index system is scientifically sound, and can serve as an effective evaluation tool for assessing the synergistic capability of close-knit urban medical groups in China.

Objective To evaluate the current outpatient intelligent service capacities in some public hospitals in Shanghai, and provide reference for improving the capacities. Methods The methodologies for evaluating the outpatient intelligent service capacities of public hospitals were designed. 17 typical secondary and above public hospitals of various types in Shanghai were selected. Institutional survey as well as staff questionnaires were administered to these hospitals. Literature and policy documents were collected together with qualitative interview of key informants to determine the evaluation system of outpatient intelligent service capacities in these hospitals in Shanghai. The outpatient intelligent service capacities of the sample hospitals were evaluated based on the CRITIC weighting method. Results Drawing on an integrative analysis of the literature, pertinent policy documents, and qualitative interviews of key informants, an evaluation framework was established, encompassing 10 major service categories and 26 subcategories. The results of the evaluation of outpatient intelligent service capacities showed that the scores of the top three hospitals ranked by the CRITIC method were 81.585, 74.958, and 72.618, respectively, while the bottom three scored 31.844, 29.207, and 22.176. Conclusions Shanghai had established a set of comprehensive outpatient intelligent service system integrates online and offline components and covers the entire consultation process-before, during and after the visit. Some hospitals demonstrated strong capacities in delivering outpatient intelligent service, notable challenges remain, including remarkable disparities in service scores across hospitals and suboptimal user experience for certain services. It is recommended that resource investment in outpatient intelligent service be increased, that existing intelligent services be further optimized, and that intelligent service performance be incorporated into the evaluation of public hospitals.

Malignant tumors remain one of the leading causes of human mortality, imposing significant disease burden. Cancer rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving patient prognosis. This paper systematically reviews the concept and historical development of cancer rehabilitation, compares the characteristics of five existing cancer rehabilitation management models, and identifies the fragmented nature of current rehabilitation systems. Based on existing challenges in China’s cancer rehabilitation practices, we propose recommendations including improving policies and regulations, establishing a stratified rehabilitation network system, and implementing comprehensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation. These suggestions aim to provide insights for constructing an integrated, multidisciplinary, multi-provider, patient-centered cancer rehabilitation system.

Objective To analyze the current status and trends of high-priced drugs covered by inclusive voluntary health insurance (IVHI) in China, and provide evidence for its high-quality development. Methods The benefit designs of IVHI in China and its high-priced drug lists from 2021 to 2023 were systematically collected. A comparative study was conducted to examine the provisions of coverage, the scope and level of coverage, and reimbursement trends for these drugs. Results Between 2021 and 2023, 112 (83.58%), 165 (86.84%), and 184 (85.58%) IVHI plans provided coverage for high-priced drugs. The average number of drugs listed in the high-priced drug catalog rose from 22.1 to 38.7, with oncology drugs being the most common. During this period, the median deductible and cap for high-priced drug coverage remained at 0 RMB and 1 million RMB, respectively, while the median reimbursement ratio declined slightly from 80% to 75%. The reimbursement ratio for individuals with pre-existing conditions was, on average, over 30% lower than that for the general population (P<0.001). As the number of high-priced drugs increased, so did the proportion of high-priced drug reimbursement relative to total reimbursement. Conclusions From 2021 to 2023, the number of drugs listed in the high-priced drug catalog increased annually, with oncology drugs being the primary focus of coverage. The scope and level of coverage for high-priced drug remained stable, but for individuals with pre-existing conditions, it was lower than for the general population. It is essential to maintain high-priced drug coverage as a core responsibility of IVHI and to further optimize the selection and payment mechanisms for these drugs to enhance coverage effectiveness.

In recent years, the issue of population decline caused by low fertility rates has become increasingly prominent. As one of the main approaches to dealing with infertility, assisted reproductive technology holds practical significance for promoting high-quality population development. At present, assisted reproductive technology in China has entered a stage substantive coverage under medical insurance. This paper compares the policies of 21 provinces that have incorporated assisted reproductive technology in the medical insurance payment scope, analyzing the current status and deficiencies of China’s medical insurance policies for assisted reproductive technology from three dimensions: payment scope, price level, and benefit level. In order to optimize and improve assisted reproductive medical security policies, this study suggests strengthening the top-level design for assisted reproductive technology and a sound access mechanism. Meanwhile, the classification of medical insurance payment categories should be refined and the reimbursement benefits should be optimized to fully improve the medical insurance payment policy of assisted reproductive technology.

Objective This study aims to investigate the preferences of women with infertility for different attributes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs, and to promote rational allocation of health resources. Methods A best-worst scaling (BWS) questionnaire was developed using a balanced incomplete block design (BIBD), and a face-to-face paper-based survey was conducted among women with infertility to investigate their preferences for assisted reproductive technology programs. Results were analyzed using a count method and a mixed logit model. Results A total of 150 questionnaires were collected, with 129 deemed valid for analysis. The results of the count method and mixed logit model analyses of preferences were highly consistent, showing that all attributes having a statistically significant effect on patients’ choices (P<0.05). The most valued attribute was the healthy live birth rate (P<0.05; Preference Share 36.7%), while the least valued was the timing of health consultations (Std.BW Score −0.61). The top six attributes in terms of relative importance were: healthy live birth rate, pregnancy rate, maternal complications, miscarriage rate, adverse reactions or side effects, and neonatal complications. Cluster analysis revealed preference heterogeneity among patients, although statistical differences were only observed in the number of years spend preparing for pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusion Women with infertility prioritize the effectiveness and safety of ART treatments and their preferences vary across individuals.

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost of portable ultrasonic scalpel with conventional ultrasonic scalpel in urological tumor surgeries, providing evidence for the clinical applications and management decisions. Methods Data were collected from December 2022 to May 2023 for patients undergoing laparoscopic urological tumor surgeries using either portable ultrasonic scalpel or conventional ultrasonic scalpel at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, and Ningbo First Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: portable ultrasonic scalpel group (n=39) and conventional ultrasonic scalpel group (n=43). Surgical outcomes and costs were compared between the two groups. Results All patients in both groups completed their surgeries. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable, with no significant differences (P>0.05). The portable ultrasonic scalpel group showed shorter surgical time, lower intraoperative blood loss, fewer than six hemostatic clips used, and shorter hospital stay compared to the conventional ultrasonic scalpel group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The consumables cost (including or excluding the ultrasonic scalpel head) in the portable group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (P<0.05), while other cost differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis by tumor location showed that the portable ultrasonic scalpel group had lower intraoperative blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and lower consumables costs (P>0.05). Conclusion The portable ultrasonic scalpel demonstrates favorable clinical outcomes and the potential to reduce hospital-related costs in urological tumor surgeries, though further large-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm its value.

The development of digital health is of great significance in enhancing population health and promoting the high-quality development of healthcare sector. Many countries have prioritized digital health by incorporating it into their national strategic plans. Summarizing international experience of digital health development can provide valuable insights for China's digital health policy formulation and the advancement of Healthy China initiative. The study applies the ROCCIPI framework to analyze the policies and practices of the EU, the US, the UK and Japan in promoting digital health across seven dimensions, and systematically sums up their characteristics, key achievements and experiences. Based on the challenges in China’s digital health development, the paper proposes corresponding recommendations including improving the top-level strategy, consolidating digital infrastructure, establishing a digital health standard system, ensuring data security and privacy, and strengthening the pilot application of cutting-edge technologies such as medical artificial intelligence and blockchain.

Medical large language models (LLMs) are expected to improve the efficiency and quality of modern medical services by offering new tools. Robust and rational evaluation methodologies are essential to support scientific medical decision-making. Although the development of the domestic medical LLMs has closely follows the international advancements, research and practical experience in their evaluation method remains limited. This study reviews the current progress of the LLMs’ evaluation tools, summarizes the evaluation approaches, and analyzes key difficulties, aiming to provide a foundation for improving the evaluation framework.

Objective Guided by policy objectives, this study aims to explore the impact of centralized volume-based insulin procurement on outpatient use in township health centers, providing a basis for evaluating the policy’s implementation effectiveness. Methods Electronic data on outpatient prescriptions were collected from six township health centers in a city in Shandong Province from May 2021 to May 2023. Descriptive statistics and an interrupted time series model were used to analyze the change of three indicators—defined daily doses (DDDs) of insulin, number of diabetes outpatient visits and average outpatient cost per visit—before and after the implementation of insulin centralized procurement policy on May 31, 2022. Results The interrupted time series model showed the centralized volume-based insulin procurement had a significant immediate impact on all three indicators, The DDDs of insulin increased notably (β₂ = 5 507.532, P<0.05), number of diabetes outpatient visits rose markedly (β₂ = 359.795, P<0.05), while the average outpatient cost per visit decreased sharply (β₂ = −20.634, P = 0.002). Following policy implementation, the upward trend in the average outpatient cost per visit nearly disappeared (β₁ + β₃ = 0.267, P<0.05). Conclusions Driven by the centralized volume-based insulin procurement policy, the volume effect of selected insulin has been evident, reducing economic burdens for grassroots patients and improving insulin accessibility. This has released the potential medication demand among diabetes patients, encouraging more patients to seek care at the grassroots level and facilitating the effective implementation of the tiered healthcare policy.

In the context of the continuous promotion of the Healthy China strategy, comprehensive prevention and control of myopia and multiple management are of great significance to improve the problem of myopia in children and adolescents. This paper explores the connotation, theoretical framework, structure, problems, mechanism and path of comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in China. The study found that, under the influence of the changes in the participation of multiple governance entities in the comprehensive prevention and control of myopia, the governance structure has shifted from the single-center of centralized governance to the multi-center of collaborative governance, and the multi-governance has changed from unbalanced governance to balanced governance. In the multi-governance, there are still problems such as unbalanced governance structure, outdated governance system and lagging governance content. Through the construction of multiple governance mechanisms such as demand-driven concept identification mechanism, government-led overall coordination mechanism, multi-body coordination mechanism of pluralistic co-governance, and goal-oriented power and responsibility allocation mechanism, the comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in China can be improved. In addition, the paper proposes a series of treatment approaches, such as sorting out the relationship between comprehensive myopia prevention and control, promoting the modernization of comprehensive myopia prevention and control capabilities, and building a comprehensive myopia prevention and control system, in order to enrich the comprehensive myopia prevention and control theory of children and adolescents in China and promote the orderly development of comprehensive prevention and control work.

Objective To analyze the trend of approvals and recalls of medical devices in China, and study the connection between the approval characteristics of medical devices and their recalls. Method Data were obtained from the official website of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to analyze the approvals and recalls of medical devices in China from 2019 to 2024 in terms of the location of product manufacturing, product management category, product classification, recall level, and reasons for recall. Results The number of medical devices on the market in China is increasing. The innovativeness is improving, and the number of product recalls is decreasing year by year. During the study period, a total of 2,488 medical devices were recalled, 75.1% of the recalled medical devices were imported ones and 50.4% were Class III medical devices. Among recalls of domestic medical device, 61.6% were initiated based on regulatory monitoring. The incidence of Class III medical device approvals and recalls in China over the past 5 years is 1.8%. Class III high-risk devices are significantly more likely to be subject to Class I recalls compared with Class I and II devices (P<0.001). Currently, device design (58.1%), materials and manufacturing (28.4%) and software (6.1%) are the main reasons for Class I recalls. Conclusions In view of the current situation and characteristics of medical device approvals and recalls in China, the main responsibility of enterprises should be strengthened, and domestic enterprises should be encouraged to enhance adverse event reporting and recall proactively. The monitoring of high-risk devices should be increased, and the risk prevention system constructed according to historical recall data could optimize the design and supervision of medical devices.

The development and use of in-house in vitro diagnostic (IVD) reagents developed by public hospitals play a vital role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment, which represent an important pathway toward high-quality development. This study reviewed and compared the regulatory policies regarding IVD reagents both domestically and internationally, and summarized the implementation of pilot programs in domestic hospitals following the enactment of the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices (revised in 2021), with a focus on experience from Ruijin Hospital. Challenges identified in the current practice process include limited institutional testing capabilities, unclear verification standards, underdeveloped product commercialization and inadequate pricing mechanism. At the same time, it proposes policy recommendations such as developing practical guidelines, building a quality management system, enhancing the role of medical institutions, and exploring the commercialization pathways of in-house IVD reagents.

Objective To establish an indicator system for evaluating the biosafety risk prevention and response capabilities of different types of staff in BSL-2 laboratories. Methods Based on domestic laws, regulations, standards, and relevant literature, an indicator dataset was established. Twenty pathogen detection experts across the country were selected to evaluate the indicators and weights through a combination of the Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results After two rounds of expert consultations, an evaluation system was established, including 4 primary indicators, 18 secondary indicators and 73 tertiary indicators for management personnel, laboratory personnel and auxiliary personnel. Four primary indicators include hazard identification capability, risk control capability, management capability and execution, and emergency capability. The enthusiasm coefficients were 95.24% and 100.00% in 2 rounds of experts consultations, with an anthortiy coefficient of 0.945, and the expert opinions of two rounds of consultations were consistent. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system established in this study can comprehensively, accurately, and scientifically evaluate the biosafety work capabilities of different types of laboratory staff. Necessary adjustments and improvements can be made based on the assessment results to enhance the biosafety capabilities of BSL-2 laboratory personnel and strengthen the overall biosafety level of the laboratory.

Objective To compare talent cultivation strategies of leading domestic and international health services management programs, thereby providing insights for developing strategies to cultivate top-notch talents in this field. Methods Based on the discipline development status and professional rankings released by the Ministry of Education and recognized evaluation agencies, six universities offering Public Administration with a focus on Health Services Management programs -both domestic and international-were selected as research samples. Employing the Input-Environment-Output (I-E-O) theoretical framework, this study systematically analyzed and compared the talent cultivation strategies across these institutions. Results In terms of student recruitment and admission, international institutions apply diverse criteria, whereas in China, scores from the college entrance examination are the primary standard. In terms of training objectives, both domestic and foreign universities focus on cultivating interdisciplinary, practice-oriented, and innovative talents. Regarding curriculum design, general education, professional training, and elective or extension courses are closely integrated in both domestic and international universities, with a stronger emphasis on general education observed in international programs. In terms of innovation-oriented education, both domestic and international universities rely on curriculum and project-based approaches; however, international universities demonstrate stronger coherent, while Chinese programs are more fragmented. Regarding post-graduation outcomes, both domestic and international graduates predominantly pursue further education or employment in the health sector; however, the proportion of students pursuing further education is higher in China. Conclusion Future efforts to cultivate outstanding and innovative professionals in health management should focus on attracting high-caliber students, refining training objectives, advancing curriculum reform, promoting “open innovation” and building an integrated employment system.

The increasing demand for healthcare services, coupled with the constraints of limited medical resources, presents an ongoing challenge for modern healthcare systems. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the transformation and sustainability of healthcare delivery. In response, Singapore has actively explored innovative out-of-hospital care models, most notably through the progressive piloting and expansion of the Mobile Inpatient Care at Home program. This article examines the background, operational framework, pilot implementation, and progress of Singapore’s home-based hospitalization initiative. It synthesizes key success factors, explores future directions for care redesign and development opportunities, and elucidates the roles and benefits of out-of-hospital care across the pre-hospital, in-hospital, and post-hospital continuum. Additionally, the article highlights critical elements and strategic considerations essential for healthcare system transformation, offering insights that may inform the global development of patient-centered and sustainable healthcare models.